Physical activity plays a significant role in shaping the aging process and influences both physical and mental well-being in older adults, according to researchers from Silesian Medical University.
The findings, published in the journal Nutrients, highlight the multidimensional nature of aging, which includes both physiological and psychological changes, the researchers said.
As people age, physical fitness, cognitive functioning and overall well-being tend to decline. Maintaining a balance between physical and mental health is crucial to preserving quality of life in later years, the researchers noted.
One of the major health challenges identified is sarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, which increases the risk of falls and loss of independence.
‘A study conducted among women aged 65-75 revealed that a significant proportion of participants experienced both excess body weight and reduced muscle mass, pointing to the growing problem of so-called sarcopenic obesity’, said Tomasz Jurys, PhD, MD, in a press release.
An analysis of physical parameters showed that 78% of participants had low handgrip strength, a key indicator of overall muscle condition. Researchers found that grip strength correlated with lean body mass and skeletal mass index (SMI), but not with body mass index (BMI).
‘This means that traditional indicators such as body mass or BMI may not reflect the actual functional state of the body’, Jurys said.
The study also pointed to the psychological consequences of declining physical fitness. Reduced muscle strength may limit social participation, lower self-efficacy and increase the risk of loneliness and isolation.
‘In the long term, this may contribute to a mood deterioration and even the development of depressive disorders, especially in older adults who are losing independence’, said Mateusz Grajek, PhD, MD.
Researchers said physical activity supports both physical fitness and mental well-being. Evidence shows that women who walk at least 5,000 steps daily have greater muscle mass and strength, while regular movement improves mood, reduces stress and enhances overall quality of life.
From a psychological perspective, physical activity can regulate emotions and strengthen a sense of empowerment, the researchers added. Even moderate exercise, such as daily walking, may help counteract apathy and support a positive outlook.
The authors concluded that aging is not a one-dimensional process and is strongly influenced by lifestyle, with regular physical activity, even at moderate levels, playing a key role in maintaining fitness and mental well-being in older age. (PAP)
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