“In the age of easy access to quick meals and instant snacks, a growing body of research indicates that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) can have a disturbing effect not only on our bodies but also on our minds,” said Słoma-Krześlak in a statement released by the university's press office.

Ultra-processed foods are characterized by the use of ingredients not commonly found in home kitchens, including emulsifiers, flavour enhancers, and artificial dyes.

These products undergo multiple stages of industrial processing. The category includes not only chips and sweetened soft drinks, but also ready-made meals and items often considered healthy, such as protein bars.

According to Słoma-Krześlak, diet plays a key role in regulating the gut microbiota, which in turn affects the nervous system. Ultra-processed foods disrupt this balance.

“Ultra-processed foods promote inflammation, disrupt the balance of gut bacteria, and affect the dopaminergic system, which regulates pleasure and motivation,” she explained.

“All of this can exacerbate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Epidemiological studies have shown that increasing the proportion of UPFs in the diet by 10% can be associated with an 11% higher risk of depression,” she added.

The impact of UPFs extends beyond mood. According to the Medical University of Silesia, their excessive intake can impair cognitive function — including concentration, spatial orientation, and logical thinking — as well as negatively affect sleep quality.

These effects are particularly concerning in children and adolescents, where overconsumption may also contribute to the development of eating disorders.

“Although ultra-processed foods are widely available and have an appealing taste, too much of them can negatively impact our brains, sleep, and mental health,” Słoma-Krześlak said.

She added that even small changes to our daily diet - without extreme restrictions, but with greater awareness of food - can improve quality of life. (PAP)

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